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In 186 ears of 115 patients, impedance changes at the onset and at the end of the stimulus (“diphasic impedance changes”) were recorded, using Madsen Impedance Instruments Model ZO 61 and Model ZO 70. The eliciting stimuli were:1. Tactile stimulus2. Acoustic stimulus3. Defensive—reaction or startle—evoking stimulus
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Flottorp et al. (1970) studied this question.
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