Estimation of Rainfall Interstation Correlation

This study discusses questions of estimating correlation coefficient of point rainfall as observed at two measuring stations. The focus is on issues such as sensitivity to sample size, extreme rain events, and distribution of rainfall. The authors perform extensive analysis based on a two-point data-driven rainfall model that simulates the intermittence and extreme variability of rainfall using a bivariate mixed-lognormal distribution. The study examines the commonly used product–moment estimator along with an alternative transformation-based estimator. The results show a high level of bias and variance of the traditional correlation estimator, which are caused mostly by significant skewness levels that characterize rainfall observations. Application using data from a high-density cluster indicated the advantages of using the alternative estimator. The overall aim of the study is to draw the attention of researchers working with rainfall to some commonly disregarded issues when they seek accurate and reliable correlation information.