A Study on the Current Status of Green Energy Development in the Context of Dual-Carbon Goals

Whether the green energy transition can be successfully implemented directly determines the realization of the dual carbon goals. This paper reviews relevant domestic research from 2010 to 2025, employing a framework of "timeline + technology classification + problem dimension." The study period is divided into two phases: the scale expansion phase from 2010 to 2020, and the system integration phase from 2020 to 2025. Within each phase, the analysis is further organized from three perspectives: power generation technology, energy storage, and market mechanisms. The review reveals that before 2020, research primarily focused on reducing the costs of new energy and expanding its scale, with development largely driven by policy subsidies. Following the introduction of the dual carbon goals, scholarly attention shifted toward system level issues, including the integration of grid connected renewable power, the underutilization of installed energy storage capacity, and the coupling between electricity markets and carbon markets. Several controversies persist in the academic community, such as whether the phenomenon of "storage built but not used" is temporary or structural, what role nuclear power should play in the new energy system, and what standards should be adopted to measure energy system costs. In addition, existing research has several notable limitations: slow data updating, an overemphasis on the power sector while neglecting industrial heat supply, the nascent stage of research on the impacts of extreme weather events, and the masking of inter provincial differences by aggregated average data. Future research should place greater emphasis on empirical analysis of high penetration renewable power systems, quantification of supply demand matching for long duration energy storage, the coupling mechanisms among multiple markets, and the enhancement of energy system resilience under extreme weather conditions.