Why the study?
Recent innovations in transesophageal echocardiography have enhanced procedural imaging for TEER, warranting a review of these advanced techniques and a step-by-step application guide for complex valve lesions.
Advanced TEE techniques, including 3D imaging and transillumination, enhance procedural guidance for TEER, particularly in complex mitral valve lesions.
Advances in TEE techniques may improve TEER guidance for selected MR patients; leaves open the need for prospective outcome studies.
Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) therapy is recommended by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines for selected patients with symptomatic severe or moderate-severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Echocardiography, in particular transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), plays a critical role in procedural planning and guidance for TEER. Recent innovations and advances in TEE techniques including three-dimensional (3D) imaging, unlimited x-plane imaging, live 3D multiplanar reconstruction, as well as transillumination imaging with color Doppler and transparency rendering have further enhanced procedural imaging for TEER, especially for complex diseases including commissural defects, clefts, and multi-segment pathologies. This review discusses the technology of these advanced procedural imaging techniques and provides a "step-by-step" guide on how to apply them during the TEER procedure with a focus on their added values in treatment of complex valve lesions.
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Fan et al. (2022) studied this question.
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