Anionic Silver Nanostructures for Improved Biomimetic Attributes: A Comprehensive Review

Currently, anionic silver nanoparticles (aAgNPs) have emerged as one of the highly versatile and biologically favorable classes of nanomaterials, primarily due to their negative charge that influences colloidal stability, biocompatibility, and therapeutic potential. When compared to cationic AgNPs, which are often associated with membrane disruption, off‐target uptake, and dose‐related cytotoxicity, aAgNPs demonstrate reduced non‐specific cellular interactions while maintaining potent biological activity and dispersibility in the biological fluid. This review outlines major synthesis strategies for aAgNPs, along with highlighting key characterization techniques. aAgNPs are becoming popular due to their broad‐spectrum biomedical activity, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, and wound healing properties, often associated with their ability to interact with the microbial cell membrane, ROS‐mediated pathways, and tumor‐specific action, which are supported by recent experimental findings from various research studies. Change in regulatory frameworks and growing patent developments highlight the growing interest in aAgNPs; however, the challenges persist due to the lack of a standardized protocol for reproducibility, safety evaluation, and successful clinical translation. Overall, aAgNPs have the potential to be the platform for a next‐generation biomedical technology, with future progress expected through green synthesis, AI‐guided optimization, and controlled surface engineering.