A superfamily of GTP-binding proteins consists of several families including (1) translational factors, (2) signal-transducing G proteins, (3) proto-oncogenic ras proteins, and (4) other low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins such as rho, sec (sec4, YPT1, etc.), and arf families. There are also other GTP-binding proteins such as tubulins and a group of metabolic GTP-binding proteins including succinate thiokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, but they will not be discussed here. In this paper, we concentrate only on the family of signal-transducing G proteins that consists of three subunits, α (39–52 kD), β (35–36 kD), and γ (7–10 kD).
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Kaziro et al. (1988) studied this question.