Bridging the AI learning anxiety and employees’ extra-role behavior: An LMX perspective

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Based on affective events theory, this study investigates how artificial intelligence (AI) learning anxiety affects hotel employees’ change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior directly and through the intervention of leader-member exchange. This is a time-lagged study, where the data was collected from 330 employees in Pakistan’s hotel industry. To determine indirect impacts and avoid common method bias, respondents were questioned in two different phases (T1 and T2). Established scales were identified from the existing literature to evaluate these variables. This study identified a significant negative association between AI learning anxiety and both change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior and leader-member exchange among hotel employees. Furthermore, leader-member exchange mediated the relationship between AI learning anxiety and change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior. Findings of this research have ramifications not only for academics but also for practitioners.