The superiority of endoscopic surgery over traditional open surgery in many areas has encouraged researchers to tackle a few shortcomings that are associated with the current state of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Among the shortcomings of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the lack of sense of touch was the motive of the present work. Therefore, this research was aimed at restoring tactile sensing capabilities by developing a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) tactile sensor for integration with existing MIS graspers. The tactile sensor is able to measure force, force position and also the softness of the grasped object. The transduction element, a uniaxial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film, was characterized before the microfabrication of the corrugated sensor. A finite-element model of the sensor system and soft material was also developed. The simulation results were compared with those of the experimental tests and the comparison showed good agreement.
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Sokhanvar et al. (2009) studied this question.
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