Unleashing the Cognitive Potential of Chess: A View of the Contribution of Neurofeedback Training to the Enrichment of High-level Cognitive Abilities

Background Chess is a cognitively demanding activity requiring sustained attention, working memory, rapid decision-making, and higher-order reasoning. Conventional chess training enhances knowledge but does not directly strengthen the neural mechanisms underlying cognition. Neurofeedback training (NFT) has emerged as a promising neuroscience-based approach for cognitive enhancement. Summary This narrative review synthesizes evidence from approximately 50 peer-reviewed studies examining the effects of NFT on cognitive domains relevant to chess performance, including attention, memory, reaction time, decision-making, and reasoning. Literature was identified from PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and related databases. Findings indicate that NFT improves attentional control, working memory, executive functioning, cognitive flexibility, and reasoning, although direct empirical studies involving chess players remain limited. Key Message NFT represents a promising adjunct to conventional chess training by enhancing the neural mechanisms underlying expert performance. While current evidence supports its potential for improving chess-related cognitive abilities, well-designed chess-specific experimental studies are needed to establish standardized protocols and confirm long-term effectiveness.