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This research examines how peer and media pressure influence muscle dysmorphia through internalization of muscularity ideals.

The impact of peer and media pressure on muscle dysmorphia for men and women in the general German population is mediated by the internalization of muscularity ideals

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Cross-sectional survey measures sociocultural influences and beauty ideals on muscle dysmorphia, revealing key mediators.

This research examines how peer and media pressure influence muscle dysmorphia through internalization of muscularity ideals.
Cross-sectional survey conducted among adults in Germany via Online Platform Prolific®.
Participants completed questionnaires on sociocultural influences, beauty standards, and algorithm-defined muscle dysmorphia.
Data were weighted for representativeness across demographics such as age and gender.
Internalization of muscularity and beauty ideals significantly predicted algorithm-defined muscle dysmorphia.
Media pressure influenced all forms of internalization; peer pressure affected only muscularity internalization.
Mediation analyses confirmed muscularity internalization as a key mediator linking sociocultural pressures to muscle dysmorphia in both genders.

Lieb et al. (2026) studied this question.

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