A study of 66 children and adolescents exploited by adults through sex rings and pornography shows that three-fourths of the victims demonstrated patterns of negative psychological and social adjustment after the rings were exposed. More than 61% of the victims had been ring members for more than a year and slightly more than half of the victims had been used in pornographic photographs. Victims who integrated the exploitation were those who had spent the least amount of time in the ring and who were least likely to have been involved in pornography. Boys were the sexual preference of the adult male ringleaders.
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Burgess et al. (1984) studied this question.
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