Despite the increase in academic interest in total quality management (TQM) during the past decade, there have been relatively few empirical studies that confirm any of the widely accepted theories. Recent empirical studies performed by the European Centre for Total Quality Management, University of Bradford, have gathered data which can be used in the development of a working model of TQM. The research identifies a set of critical factors of TQM, their relative importance and the interrelationships between each.
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Simon A. Black (1995) studied this question.
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