Patients with PAD and CAD exhibit distinct demographic and biochemical profiles, with PAD showing a higher threshold for smoking exposure (cotinine >138 ng/mL) compared to CAD.
Distinct LDL-C/CRP elevations and cotinine thresholds in PAD versus CAD are hypothesis-generating; leaves open differential prevention until prospective validation.
Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2004 were pooled for this study. Compared with coronary artery disease (CAD), a greater proportion of individuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) were female, black, and active smokers. Patients with PAD had significantly higher serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and C-reactive protein than those with CAD alone. The risk of CAD increased with serum cotinine levels>0.02 ng/mL. However, the risk of PAD increased only with serum cotinine levels>138 ng/mL. Despite this association, there was no significant association of secondhand smoke exposure with CAD or PAD. In conclusion, patients with CAD and PAD differed with respect to several demographic and biochemical factors. The relationship between PAD and cotinine demonstrated a threshold phenomenon (serum cotinine levels>138 ng/mL).
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Agarwal et al. (2013) studied this question.
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