Key result
An increase in ambient temperature from the 10th to the 50th percentile was associated with a significant 0.14 mmol/L decrease in fasting plasma glucose in the total population.
Why the study?
Evidence suggests seasonal variation in T2DM incidence and glycemic control may be attributed to temperature effects on FPG, motivating an examination of associations between short-term ambient temperature and FPG across different populations.
Does ambient temperature affect fasting plasma glucose levels, T2DM prevalence, and glycemic control rate in adults?
Cross-Sectional (n=26,350)
Yes
Does ambient temperature affect fasting plasma glucose levels, T2DM prevalence, and glycemic control rate in adults?
Mean Difference: -0.14 (95% CI -0.17–-0.11)
Ambient temperature is inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose levels, suggesting that temperature should be adjusted for when estimating T2DM epidemiology and managing glycemic control.
Does not support temperature-based glycemic interventions; leaves open whether ambient heat influences fasting glucose in observational data.
Background: There existed evidence that the incidence and glycemic control rate of T2DM have seasonal variation, which can be attributed to the effect of temperature on FPG. The present study aimed to examine the associations between short-term ambient temperature exposure and FPG among different populations and calculate temperature-FPG association adjusted prevalence and glycemic control rate of T2DM. Methods: Four cross-sectional health surveys with 26,350 respondents were conducted in Guangdong Province from 2007 to 2015. Multistage cluster sampling was used to recruit study participants. Gaussian generalized additive model was employed to evaluate the associations between daily mean ambient temperature and FPG among different populations (total, non-T2DM, old-T2DM and new-T2DM populations). Prevalence and glycemic control rate of T2DM were calculated based on the exposure-response association between temperature and FPG. Results: The exposure-response curve of temperature and FPG were downward parabola in total, non-T2DM and old-T2DM populations, while the curve was “U”-shaped but not significant in new T2DM population. When temperature increased from 10 th percentile to 50 th percentile, the FPG significantly decreased 0.14 (95%CI: -0.17, -0.11) mmol/L, 0.11 (95%CI: -0.12, -0.11) and 0.44 (95%CI: -0.80, -0.08) in total, non-T2DM and old-T2DM populations, respectively. When temperature increased from 50 th to 90 th percentile, the FPG significantly decreased 0.19 (95%CI: -0.22, -0.16) mmol/L, 0.17 (95%CI: -0.17, -0.17) and 0.51 (95%CI: -0.79, -0.23) in total, non-T2DM and old-T2DM populations, respectively. The alteration of rate related to the temperature difference was observed from 5℃ to 30℃, with gently decreases from 10.03% to 9.39% in prevalence of T2DM and greatly increases from 32.1% to 58.6% in glycemic control rate of T2DM, respectively. Conclusion: FPG, the prevalence and glycemic control rate of T2DM are affected by ambient temperature, which suggests temperature and FPG association should be considered and adjusted when estimating T2DM epidemiology and developing clinical management of T2DM.
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Luo et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) / Fasting plasma glucose (n=26,350). Ambient temperature vs. Lower ambient temperature (10th percentile) was evaluated on Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) associated with an increase in ambient temperature from the 10th to the 50th percentile in the total population (MD -0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.17, -0.11). An increase in ambient temperature from the 10th to the 50th percentile was associated with a significant 0.14 mmol/L decrease in fasting plasma glucose in the total population.
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