The previously derived nonlinear constitutive laws for the friction pressure and the alignment tensor are applied to viscous flow, to the flow-induced alignment (flow birefringence) and its reciprocal effect. It is demonstrated that these phenomena may be treated by one set of equations, both in the isotropic and in the nematic phases. The flow alignment in the isotropic phase is also investigated in the temperature range where this phase is metastable.
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Siegfried Hess (1975) studied this question.