Inferior vena cava resection for a leiomyosarcoma: A case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Leiomyosarcomas of the inferior vena cava are scarce. Surgery is the only potential curative treatment. Such a surgery is complex and technically demanding, requiring a huge experience in both visceral and vascular surgery. Indeed, enlarged visceral resection may be needed to achieve a free tumor margins as the tumor may invade the duodenum, the head of the pancreas and the liver. Moreover, vascular reconstruction is mandatory which might be complex as both venal reins are usually invaded by the tumor like in our case below. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old woman presented with abdominal vague pain. Imaging consisting in abdominal CT-scan with contrast and magnetic resonance angiography were suggestive of the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. A surgical complete resection with free margins was conducted. A primary repair of the inferior vena cava and the right renal vein walls. End-to-side anastomosis with a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) prosthesis was mandatory to reconstruct the renal left vein to the inferior vena cava. Postoperative outcomes were uneventful. Pathology examination confirmed the diagnosis. DISCUSSION: The optimal management of leiomyosarcoma of inferior vena cava is controversial. Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment. However, not all patients are qualified for surgical resection. The prognosis depends on the early diagnosis and histology type. CONCLUSION: The management of leiomyosarcomas of inferior vena cava requires a multidisciplinary consensus involving experienced surgery and oncology teams.