LST1/A Is a Myeloid Leukocyte-specific Transmembrane Adaptor Protein Recruiting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases SHP-1 and SHP-2 to the Plasma Membrane

Transmembrane adaptor proteins are membrane-anchored proteins consisting of a short extracellular part, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic part with various protein-protein interaction motifs but lacking any enzymatic activity. They participate in the regulation of various signaling pathways by recruiting other proteins to the proximity of cellular membranes where the signaling is often initiated and propagated. In this work, we show that LST1/A, an incompletely characterized protein encoded by MHCIII locus, is a palmitoylated transmembrane adaptor protein. It is expressed specifically in leukocytes of the myeloid lineage, where it localizes to the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains. In addition, it binds SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphatases in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner, facilitating their recruitment to the plasma membrane. These data suggest a role for LST1/A in negative regulation of signal propagation. Background: LST1/A was a poorly characterized protein encoded in the MHCIII locus. Results: LST1/A is a myeloid cell-specific transmembrane adaptor associated with the tetraspanin-enriched microdomains that inhibits signaling by recruiting the protein tyrosine phosphatases SHP-1/SHP-2. Conclusion: LST1/A is a potential negative regulator of myeloid cell signaling. Significance: Negative regulation of signal transduction is crucial for controlling the cell response.