Coupling of Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU) and vehicle front-end surface modelling for pedestrian safety with the advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI)

The use of numerical simulation is essential in vehicle development and particularly in pedestrian safety. Based on simulation results, component modifications are derived and validated through physical testing. The introduction of the advanced Pedestrian Legform Impactor (aPLI) by EuroNCAP presents new challenges, as it affects more front-end components and design parameters than its predecessor, the FlexPLI. Furthermore, development timelines are shortened, particularly in early phases. Consequently, a methodology has been developed to evaluate a multitude of design parameters for the aPLI impact in late development stages to compensate for the reduced development time. Thereby, we minimise differences between the simulation model and the corresponding test by implementing sensitivity-based Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU). Further, we generate a simplified vehicle front-end (spring) model that allows a comprehensive investigation of design parameters. In particular, the accuracy of the spring model for aPLI injury predictions has been confirmed in two relevant use cases.