Key result
Mild swimming exercise significantly attenuated cardiac pathological lesions and prevented left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction induced by chronic waterpipe tobacco smoking in male rats.
Why the study?
Despite evidence of the harmful cardiovascular effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking, its simultaneous effect with exercise training had not been well studied.
Does mild endurance swimming exercise prevent cardiac dysfunction induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking in male Wistar rats?
Does mild endurance swimming exercise prevent cardiac dysfunction induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking in male Wistar rats?
Absolute Event Rate: 2.2% vs 3.8%
p-value: p=<0.05
Mild endurance exercise prevents waterpipe tobacco smoking-induced left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in a rat model, partly via improvement of antioxidants and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Supports exercise cardioprotection in waterpipe models; leaves open translation to humans.
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing popularity of waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) in youth and even in athletes worldwide. Despite the existence of evidence of the harmful effects of hookah smoke on various systems of the body, especially the cardiovascular system, its simultaneous effect with exercise training has not been well studied. We assessed the effects of WTS exposure with/without swimming exercise on blood pressure (BP), and heart histology and mechanical performance in male Wistar rats. METHODS: The animals were divided into 4 groups of sedentary control (CTL), waterpipe tobacco smoking (S), mild endurance swimming exercise training (Ex), and waterpipe smoking plus exercise (S + Ex). The duration of WTS and exercise was 8 weeks. FINDINGS: BP and heart rate (HR) did not show a significant difference among the groups. WTS increased the TNF-α level of the heart (P < 0.05 vs. CTL) and cardiac tissue lesions (P < 0.05 vs. CTL), and reduced +dP/dt max, -dp/dt max, and heart contractility indices (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively, vs. CTL and Ex groups). It also increased the Tau index (P < 0.05 vs. CTL; P < 0.01 vs. Ex groups) of the left ventricle. However, the combination of exercise and WTS reduced the TNF-α level, improved the heart activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzymes, and prevented the negative effects of smoking on heart function and morphology. CONCLUSION: Mild exercise prevents WTS-induced left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction partly via improvement of antioxidants and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Nakhaee et al. (2019) studied Cardiac dysfunction induced by waterpipe tobacco smoking (n=28). Swimming exercise training vs. Sedentary waterpipe tobacco smoking was evaluated on Heart histopathological score (p=<0.05). Mild swimming exercise significantly attenuated cardiac pathological lesions and prevented left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction induced by chronic waterpipe tobacco smoking in male rats.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: