Key result
The highest quartile of baseline complement factor 3 (C3) levels was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (RR 4.779) compared to the lowest quartile over 4 years.
Why the study?
Do elevated serum complement factors 3 and 4 predict the development of metabolic syndrome in adult males?
Cohort (n=2,376)
No
Do elevated serum complement factors 3 and 4 predict the development of metabolic syndrome in adult males?
Elevated baseline levels of complement factors 3 and 4 are independent predictors of the development of metabolic syndrome in adult men, suggesting a role for complement-mediated inflammation in metabolic dysfunction.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Elevated C3 may flag higher metabolic syndrome risk; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical use.
An epidemiological design, consisting of cross-sectional (n = 2376) and cohort (n = 976) studies, was adopted to investigate the association between complement factors 3 (C3) and 4, and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) development. In the cross-sectional study, the C3 and C4 concentrations in the MetS group were higher than those in the non-MetS group (all P < 0.001), and the levels of immune globulin M (IgM), IgA, IgE, and IgG exhibited no significant differences between MetS and non-MetS (all P > 0.050). After multi-factor adjustment, the odds ratios (ORs) in the highest quartile of C3 and C4 concentrations were 7.047 (4.664, 10.648) and 1.961 (1.349, 2.849), respectively, both P trend < 0.050. After a 4 years follow-up, total 166 subjects were diagnosed with MetS, and the complement baseline levels from 2009 were used to predict the MetS risk in 2013. In the adjusted model, the relative risks (RRs) in the highest quartile of C3 and C4 levels were 4.779 (2.854, 8.003) and 2.590 (1.567, 4.280), respectively, both P trend < 0.001. Activation of complement factors may be an important part of inflammatory processes, and our results indicated that the elevated C3 and C4 levels were independent risk factors for MetS development.
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Liu et al. (2016) conducted a cohort in Metabolic syndrome (n=2,376). Elevated serum complement factor 3 (C3) vs. Lowest quartile of C3 concentration was evaluated on Development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (RR 4.779, 95% CI 2.854-8.003, p=<0.001). The highest quartile of baseline complement factor 3 (C3) levels was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (RR 4.779) compared to the lowest quartile over 4 years.
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