Impaired Ventilatory Efficiency as a Novel Indicator of Pre-COPD

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Background: Accurately identifying pre-COPD is fundamental to delaying its onset and improving prognosis. Impaired ventilatory efficiency occurs in approximately 12% of individuals with preserved spirometry and is associated with severe lung damage; however, its value as an indicator of pre-COPD remains to be clarified. Research Question: Can impaired ventilatory efficiency serve as an indicator of pre-COPD in individuals with preserved spirometry? Study Design and Methods: production > the upper limit of normal. The outcomes included the risk of COPD and annual lung function decline. Results: = .045) than participants with normal ventilatory efficiency. Interpretation: Our results show that impaired ventilatory efficiency is a potential indicator for pre-COPD.