Diagnostic role and clinical significance of mammographic screening for breast cancer: original retrospective study

Background. Breast cancer is the leader in the structure of the incidence of malignant neoplasms among the female population worldwide, and is the main cause of cancer mortality in women. Proper planning of screening for cancer of this localization allows to significantly reduce both morbidity and mortality. Preservation of the reproductive health of the nation is an important component of the demographic policy of Ukraine, therefore, the organization of measures aimed at improving prevention, early (timely) diagnosis and treatment of women with malignant neoplasms, primarily breast cancer, remains an urgent problem in clinical oncology, which needs to be resolved at the state level to ensure sustainable development of society. Purpose – to investigate the issues of malignant breast diseases and the relevance of screening for them using mammography. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of radiological examination of 70 patients of the mammography room on the basis of the medical center of Kyiv in 2024 was conducted, in whom all radiological findings detected during the examination were classified according to the breast gland description system by categories BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5. Methods: medical-statistical – to collect statistical information necessary for the study, process the results (MicrosoftExcel was used) and analyze the data obtained. Results and discussion. This clinical observation was aimed at investigating the issues of breast cancer and determining the relevance of screening for this disease. We also conducted a retrospective analysis of mammographic findings in women who were subject to examination, who were divided into subgroups by age, by average age of the total number of patients, by BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 categories, by breast density according to ACR and separately listed above in % by age subgroups. According to the results of the study, it was found that in general, among sick women, a higher % is made up of people of non-working age (pensioners), since most women in this subgroup are informed about organized population programs of mammographic screening and have the opportunity to unconditionally visit medical institutions, unlike working women. Conclusions. Screening using mammography is recommended by clinical guidelines in the world and is one of the most effective methods for detecting breast cancer in its early stages. The widespread implementation of mammographic screening allows for the detection of small tumors, barely noticeable architectural distortions or microcalcifications, which in turn creates conditions for cost-effective treatment, further reducing morbidity and mortality, and in women of reproductive age, raising the issue of preserving reproductive function.