The use of protein–substrate binding to program the self-assembly of nanoparticle-based structures from aqueous solution is highlighted here. The systems discussed include aqueous dispersions of metal nanoparticles with surface-attached antibodies and bivalent antigens in solution (see Figure), and ferritin-encapsulated metal oxide nanoparticles with surface biotin groups and streptavidin in solution.
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Mann et al. (2000) studied this question.