Preliminary classification and ecology of dry grassland communities on Ölands Stora Alvar (Sweden)

Four plant community types are described for Öland's Stora Alvar, the limestone plateau of South Öland and preliminary classified syntaxonomically: (1) Crepis pumila – Allium alvarense ass. (2) Helianthemum oelandicum – Galium oelandicum ass. (3) Gypsophila fastigiata – Globularia vulgaris ass. and (4) Veronica spicata – Avenula pratensis ass. (with two subassociations, the Sedum reflexum and Galium boreale subass.). The ecology of these types is discussed with emphasis on soil depth, frost perturbation and the combined effects of summer drought and grazing intensity. Various endemic taxa appear to be good character species for the community types described. The typical local ecology of some common species is discussed with the suggestion that they might have formed endemic ecotypes which should be further investigated. The communities described are very rich in cryptogams. The floristic variation as expressed by the cryptogamic species composition shows largely the same pattern as that shown by the phanerogams.