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David H. Ward, Robert A. Stehn, Wallace P. Erickson, Dirk V. Derksen, Response of Fall-Staging Brant and Canada Geese to Aircraft Overflights in Southwestern Alaska, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 63, No. 1 (Jan., 1999), pp. 373-381
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Ward et al. (1999) studied this question.
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