Neuroimaging insights into brain mechanisms of early-onset restrictive eating disorders

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Characterization of the effect of rEO-EDs on brain structure. a, The effect of EO-AN (dark red dots, n = 124) and ARFID (yellow dots, n = 50) compared with TD (n = 116) on five global brain metrics (ICV, total SA, mean CT, CSF and total GV). The triangles represent significant effect sizes. Data are presented as mean values ±s.d. b,c, Brain maps (FDR thresholded) showing Cohen’s d values for each of the 68 cortical regions (thickness) and the 14 subcortical regions and ventricles (volumes) for EO-AN versus TD (b) and ARFID versus TD (c).

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  Fig. 2. Partition of BMI versus rEO-ED effects on brain features. a, The effects on CT and SV of EO-acAN > TD. b, The effects on SA and SV of unARFID > TD. c, The effects of the EO-acAN > unARFID on CT, SA and SV. d, Brain maps summarizing the 35 significant correlations between BMI and CT (68 cortical regions) as well as SV (14 subcortical regions + 2 lateral ventricles) in patients with EO-AN. No correlations were significant in patients with ARFID. e, Correlations between residuals (removing the effect of age, sex and scanner) of the thickness of the right middle temporal gyrus and z-scored BMI in individuals with EO-AN (dark red dots) and ARFID (yellow dots). We selected the right middle temporal gyrus as it showed the highest correlation with BMI in patients with EO-AN. Regression lines are shown with shaded gray areas representing 95% CIs. r represents Pearson correlation coefficient.

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  Fig. 3. Similarities of the EO-AN brain pattern with additional psychiatric conditions. a, Distribution of effect sizes of three psychiatric conditions on regional CT (previously published by the ENIGMA consortium), as well as EO-AN (computed in this study). b, Brain maps representing patterns of abnormalities in CT reported by the ENIGMA consortium for three psychiatric conditions (Methods) and EO-AN. c, The relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based correlations (rG, provided by refs. 15,34) and brain-based correlations (rB, computed in this study using cortical thickness). Credit: brain and DNA icons in c, NIAID NIH BIOART.