Why the study?
Existing pulmonary embolism risk scores such as PESI and sPESI have a high number of variables that hinder clinical application, creating a need for an easy-to-perform prediction score.
Does the PoPE score improve prediction of 30-day mortality compared to PESI and sPESI in patients with acute pulmonary embolism?
Does the PoPE score improve prediction of 30-day mortality compared to PESI and sPESI in patients with acute pulmonary embolism?
The PoPE score, utilizing five simple admission parameters, offers superior prognostic performance for 30-day mortality in acute pulmonary embolism compared to established PESI and sPESI scores.
New PE mortality score derived retrospectively may aid risk stratification; leaves open prospective validation versus sPESI.
Introdução e objetivos: Existem vários sistemas de pontuação para a estratificação de risco de doentes com embolia pulmonar (EP). O Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) e a versão simplificada (sPESI) são os mais usados, mas o elevado número de variáveis prejudica a sua utilização. Pretendemos derivar um score fácil de aplicar para prever a mortalidade precoce em doentes com EP. Métodos: Estudo retrospetivo em 1115 doentes com EP aguda de duas instituições (cohort de derivação n=835, cohort de validação n=280). O endpoint primário foi mortalidade por todas as causas aos 30 dias. Variáveis clínica e estatisticamente relevantes foram selecionadas para análise por regressão multivariada. Derivámos e validámos um score de risco multivariável e comparámos com scores estabelecidos. Resultados: O endpoint primário ocorreu em 207 doentes (18,6%). O score modelo incluiu cinco variáveis com as seguintes caraterísticas: índice de choque modificado >1,1 (HR 2,57, 1,68-3,92, p<0,001), neoplasia ativa (HR 2,27, 1,45-3,56, p<0,001), alteração do estado de consciência (HR 3,82, 2,50-5,83, p<0,001), concentração de lactato sérica ≥ 2.50mmol/L (HR 5,01, 3,25-7,72, p<0,001) e idade ≥ 80 anos (HR 1,95, 1,26-3,03, p=0,003). O desempenho prognóstico foi superior a outros scores (AUC 0,83 [0,79-0,87] versus 0,72 [0,67-0,79] no PESI e (0,70 [0,62-0,75]) no sPESI, p<0,001) e a sua performance na cohort de validação foi boa (73 eventos em 280 doentes, 26,1%, AUC 0,76, 0,71-0,82, p<0,0001) e superior aos outros scores (p<0.05). Conclusões: O score PoPE (https://tinyurl.com/ybsnka8s) é um instrumento fácil com performance superior para prever mortalidade precoce em doentes admitidos com EP de baixo risco. Introduction and objective: Several scoring systems have been developed for risk stratification in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and its simplified version (sPESI) are among the most used, however the high number of variables hinder its application. Our aim was to derive an easy-to-perform score based on simple parameters obtained at admission to predict 30-day mortality in acute PE patients. Methods: Retrospective study in 1115 patients with acute PE from two institutions (derivation cohort n=835, validation cohort n=280). Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days. Statistically and clinically relevant variables were selected for multivariable Cox regression analysis. We derived and validated a multivariable risk score model and compared to other established scores. Results: The primary endpoint occurred in 207 patients (18.6%). Our model included five variables weighted as follows: modified shock index ≥ 1.1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 1.68-3.92, p<0.001), active cancer (HR 2.27, 1.45-3.56, p<0.001), altered mental state (HR 3.82, 2.50-5.83, p<0.001), serum lactate concentration ≥2.50mmol/L (HR 5.01, 3.25-7.72, p<0.001), and age ≥ 80 years (HR 1.95, 1.26-3.03, p=0.003). The prognostic ability was superior to other scores (area under curve [AUC] 0.83 [0.79-0.87] vs 0.72 [0.67-0.79] in PESI and 0.70 [0.62-0.75] in sPESI, p<0.001) and its performance in the validation cohort was deemed good (73 events in 280 patients, 26.1%, AUC = 0.76, 0.71-0.82, p<0.0001) and superior to other scores (p<0.05). Conclusions: The PoPE score (https://tinyurl.com/ybsnka8s) is an easy tool with superior performance to predict early mortality in patients admitted for PE with non-high-risk PE.
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Gerardo et al. (2023) studied this question.
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