Utilization of SGLT-2 Inhibitors in Congestive Heart Failure Management

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a progressive condition where the heart cannot pump blood well enough to keep up with volume demand, which results in decreased oxygen perfusion throughout the periphery and vital body organs. This condition affects over six million Americans and is projected to increase by over 46% by the year 2030. By incorporating evidence from research conducted over the past ten years, several studies demonstrate the benefits of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitors in managing CHF patients. The glucose-lowering medication works to relieve fluid overload by excreting excess glucose and sodium while also increasing vasodilation and reducing cardiac preload. SGLT-2 inhibitors also have an anti-inflammatory effect that decreases epicardial adipose deposition, which relieves oxidative stress on the heart. In addition to the mainstay of medical management for CHF patients, SGLT-2 inhibitors have reduced exacerbations that are often life-threatening and improved overall quality of life by reducing morbidity and mortality.