Key result
SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events, HF hospitalizations, and mortality regardless of diabetes status.
Why the study?
Recent trials demonstrated the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in heart failure, but the mechanism remains unclear, prompting a review of clinical trials regardless of diabetic status and across ejection fraction phenotypes.
Does SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and mortality in patients with heart failure?
Does SGLT2 inhibitors reduce cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and mortality in patients with heart failure?
SGLT2 inhibitors provide significant cardiovascular benefits, particularly in reducing heart failure hospitalizations, across the spectrum of ejection fractions and independent of diabetes status.
Supports broader SGLT2 inhibitor adoption in HF independent of diabetes; leaves open optimal sequencing and real-world implementation.
The sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively new class of medication used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Recent clinical trials and research have demonstrated this class's effectiveness in treating heart failure, since they reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalization, and mortality. The mechanism by which they do so is unclear; however, SGLT2i inhibit the tubular reabsorption of glucose, lowering the interstitial volume. This mechanism leads to a reduction in blood pressure and an improvement of endothelial function. As a result, improvements in hospitalization and mortality rate have been shown. In this review, we focus on the primary outcome of the clinical trials designed to investigate the effect of SGLT2i in heart failure, regardless of patients' diabetic status. Furthermore, we compare the various SGLT2i regarding their risk reduction to investigate their potential as a treatment option for patients with reduced ejection fraction and preserved ejection fraction.
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Muscoli et al. (2022) conducted a review in Heart failure and type 2 diabetes. SGLT2 inhibitors vs. Placebo or standard therapy was evaluated. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and mortality in patients with heart failure, regardless of diabetic status.
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