Security Beyond CMOS: Fundamentals, Applications, and Roadmap

Hardware-oriented security and trust has traditionally relied on the dominant CMOS technology to develop security primitives and provide protection against different attacks and vulnerabilities. With CMOS nearly reaching its fundamental scaling limit and the shortcomings of current solutions, researchers are now looking to exploit emerging nanoelectronic devices for various security applications. In this paper, we discuss the unique features of three emerging nanoelectronic technologies, namely, phase-change memory, grapheme, and carbon nanotubes, and analyze how these features can aid in hardware security and trust. In addition, we present challenges and future research directions about how to effectively integrate emerging nanoscale devices into hardware security. We emphasize that an interdisciplinary initiative is needed for emerging technologies to reach their full potential in security and trust applications.