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This study examined test performances of 105 low-income, urban, African American preschool and kindergarten boys and girls on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R). Most children performed more than one standard deviation below the mean, and a scoring adjustment to the test failed to change this distribution substantially. The findings indicate that the PPVT-R is not appropriate for use with this population.
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Washington et al. (1992) studied this question.
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