One-Step Synthesis of Cytocompatible Brushite-Mineralized Gellan Gum/Alginate Microgels via a Temperature-Controlled Approach

assays demonstrated that all MGs are cytocompatible with MG63 osteoblast-like cells. Cell culture experiments in dynamic conditions revealed that the mineralized MGs support cell adhesion and spreading, contrasting with the nonmineralized controls, where no cell anchorage was observed. These findings demonstrate that precise temperature control is a successful strategy for processing high-viscosity GG/SA solutions into uniform MGs. The resulting materials combine the structural and bioactive benefits of a nanocrystalline brushite phase with the established biocompatibility of a GG/SA matrix. Ultimately, this work establishes an accessible and versatile temperature-controlled fabrication platform. While successfully demonstrated here for GG/SA/brushite composites, this setup can be broadly applied to process other high-viscosity, thermoresponsive biopolymers, opening new avenues for the tunable production of advanced MGs in tissue engineering.