Why the study?
Do beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) offer clinical advantages over those without ISA in patients with angina?
Do beta-blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) offer clinical advantages over those without ISA in patients with angina?
Beta-blockers with ISA may offer a favorable side effect profile regarding resting heart rate and respiratory function in angina patients, though their use in rest angina requires caution.
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May support ISA beta-blockers to limit resting bradycardia in angina; leaves open comparative outcome data versus non-ISA agents.
Kostis et al. (1981) studied this question.
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