Assessment Of the Risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Effectiveness of Ergonomics Among Healthcare Workers in Selected Hospitals in Delta State

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems affecting healthcare workers, particularly in hospital settings where physical demands, repetitive tasks, and poor ergonomic conditions are prevalent. These disorders contribute to reduced work efficiency, increased absenteeism, and diminished quality of life. Despite growing global attention to workplace ergonomics, evidence on the prevalence of MSDs, associated risk factors, and the effectiveness of ergonomic practices among healthcare workers in Delta State, Nigeria, remains limited. This study therefore assessed the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and the effectiveness of workplace ergonomics among healthcare workers in selected hospitals in Delta State. This study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 224 healthcare workers from Central Hospital Warri and Eku Government Baptist Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Of the 224 questionnaires distributed, 206 were properly completed and valid for analysis, yielding a response rate of 92%. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. The findings revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among healthcare workers, with the majority reporting work-related pain or discomfort within the past 12 months. The most commonly affected body regions were the lower back, neck, and shoulders. Key occupational and personal risk factors identified included repetitive movements, awkward postures, heavy lifting, physically demanding workloads, stress, fatigue, inadequate staffing, and insufficient training on safe manual handling. Workplace ergonomic practices and existing ergonomic interventions were largely perceived as non-influential and non-effective in reducing MSD risks. The study concluded that musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among healthcare workers in the selected hospitals, largely driven by occupational risk factors and compounded by ineffective ergonomic practices and interventions. The study recommends the implementation of comprehensive ergonomic programs, provision of ergonomic equipment, regular training on safe work practices, improved staffing levels, and stronger institutional and policy support to reduce MSD risks and enhance workplace safety.