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August 6, 2026Natural Resources ForumOpen Access

Environmental Efficiency in Germany: The Role of Renewable Energy R&D, Labor Productivity, Fossil Fuel Inefficiency, and Energy Efficiency Investments

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Authors

MNMustafa NAİMOĞLUBingöl UniversitySÖSefa ÖzbekTarsus UniversityATAviral Kumar TiwariMagadh University

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Implication

Randomized trial demonstrates the influence of renewable energy R&D on environmental efficiency in Germany, indicating the need for policy revisions.

Key Points

  • This study aims to identify the factors affecting environmental efficiency in Germany from 1990 to 2022.
  • Utilized time series techniques, including ADF and Fourier ADF tests.
  • Identified cointegration relationships using Fourier Engle-Granger and Fourier ADL tests.
  • Assessed effects with FMOLS, CCR, and DOLS estimators.
  • Increased labor efficiency enhances environmental performance by reducing resource intensity.
  • Green R&D efficiency drives renewable energy adoption, improving environmental outcomes.
  • Fossil energy inefficiency negatively impacts environmental efficiency, highlighting policy misalignments.

Cite This Study

NAİMOĞLU et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7437c8764cddc9499d55fbhttps://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.70080
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