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August 6, 2026Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthOpen Access

Non-restorative Sleep and Functional Limitation in Adults Aged 25–74 Years: A Propensity Score–matched Analysis

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Authors

POPhilips OkeaguGOGodisgreat OkekeYKYabets Tesfaye Kebede

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Overview

Cross-sectional study examines non-restorative sleep's effects on functional limitation in adults, suggesting significant implications for middle adulthood interventions.

Key Points

  • This study investigates the link between non-restorative sleep and functional limitations in adults aged 25-74 years, focusing on dose-response patterns and population impact.
  • Cross-sectional analysis using data from the Midlife in the United States Refresher 2 (n=1,699)
  • Categorized non-restorative sleep into none/rare, intermediate, and frequent, assessing cumulative sleep burden with 3 sleep problems
  • Applied propensity score matching to control for 15 covariates and estimated population attributable fraction.
  • Frequent non-restorative sleep linked to higher odds of functional limitation (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.61 to 3.18)
  • Each category increase in non-restorative sleep elevated odds by 45% (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.70)
  • Higher cumulative sleep problems correlated with increased odds of functional limitation, with effects plateauing at 3 problems.

Cite This Study

Okeagu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a7437f4764cddc9499d5c40https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.26.293
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  4. 4The Relationship between Nonrestorative Sleep and Persistent Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: A Longitudinal Study of Recovery Trajectories2025
  5. 50082 Sleep Health and Daytime Cognitive Function: Data from the National Sleep Foundation Sleep in America Poll2024