Comprehensive review discussing efficiency limits in perovskite tandem solar cells, highlighting challenges and commercialization pathways.
Architecture Comparison: Detailed operating principles and operational physics of Two-Terminal (2T) monolithic vs. Four-Terminal (4T) mechanically stacked tandem configurations. Performance Milestones: Analysis of laboratory breakthroughs exceeding 33%–34% efficiency for 2T perovskite/silicon tandems, alongside spectral tolerance advancements in 4T systems. Technical Challenges: Critical evaluation of current-matching constraints, substrate texturing shunts, parasitic near-infrared (NIR) absorption, and elevated Balance-of-System (BOS) costs. Commercialization Pathways: Discussion on interface engineering, transparent conductive electrodes, passivation strategies, and requirements for meeting IEC 61215 stability standards.
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Khan Burhan Uddin (2026) studied this question.
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