Study of Expansion Force Distribution during Lithium-ion Battery Operation and Ageing

In the process of battery charge-discharge and long-term aging, a novel customized thin-film pressure sensor system was used to directly measure the swelling force of prismatic cells, providing insights into the electrode swelling mechanism inside lithium-ion batteries. Battery electrical performance data were obtained from cycle charge-discharge tests and capacity calibration tests conducted at every 50 aging cycles interval, while battery state of health data were collected over a total of 1000 cycles. Using a prismatic cell equipped with thin-film pressure sensors, key characterization parameters such as battery current, battery voltage, calibrated capacity discharged at 1C current, and the regional distribution of expansion force during charge-discharge in cycling aging were recorded. These data provide an understanding of the internal electrode swelling in prismatic cells and reveal the inherent coupling relationship among the state of charge, state of health, and the variation and distribution of expansion force. The published dataset offers a valuable resource for enhancing battery diagnostics and developing data-driven models to estimate state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH), which can be used for advanced battery safety monitoring and the construction of multi-feature fusion diagnostic models for battery failure. The provided data deepen the fundamental understanding of the variation mechanism of internal electrode expansion force in prismatic cells during operation and aging. Since data on electrode expansion force for the prismatic cell have not been publicly available, the provided dataset fills a gap in existing open data collections.