The Ambient Seismic Field at Groningen Gas Field: An Overview from the Surface to Reservoir Depth

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Research Article| May 30, 2018 The Ambient Seismic Field at Groningen Gas Field: An Overview from the Surface to Reservoir Depth Zack J. Spica; Zack J. Spica aDepartment of Geophysics, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305‐2215 U.S.A., zspica@stanford.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Nori Nakata; Nori Nakata bConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Xin Liu; Xin Liu aDepartment of Geophysics, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305‐2215 U.S.A., zspica@stanford.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Xander Campman; Xander Campman cShell Global Solutions International B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Zijian Tang; Zijian Tang cShell Global Solutions International B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Gregory C. Beroza Gregory C. Beroza aDepartment of Geophysics, 397 Panama Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305‐2215 U.S.A., zspica@stanford.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Seismological Research Letters (2018) 89 (4): 1450–1466. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170256 Article history first online: 30 May 2018 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Zack J. Spica, Nori Nakata, Xin Liu, Xander Campman, Zijian Tang, Gregory C. Beroza; The Ambient Seismic Field at Groningen Gas Field: An Overview from the Surface to Reservoir Depth. Seismological Research Letters 2018;; 89 (4): 1450–1466. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170256 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search ABSTRACT The long‐term exploitation of the Groningen gas field led to compaction at reservoir depth, subsequent ground subsidence, and recently earthquakes. As part of an ongoing effort to quantify the hazard and risk in the region, several permanent and temporary seismic arrays have been deployed. As a result, the Groningen area is one of the seismologically best‐instrumented areas worldwide. In this article, we describe several seismic experiments that were conducted in the region and take advantage of the numerous possibilities they offer to characterize the ambient seismic wavefield at the surface, in the shallow subsurface, and at reservoir depth. By means of beamforming, analysis of cross‐correlation functions, surface‐wave eigenfunction analysis, and correlations of neighboring frequencies, we are able to determine the main characteristics of the ambient seismic field (ASF), including the predominant propagation modes and phases. We retrieve clear multimode Rayleigh and Love waves, as well as and P waves, from cross correlations of the ASF. At reservoir depth, we show that the wavefield is largely trapped and reflected between geologic boundaries above and below the reservoir. This article reviews the characteristics of ASF observations with the goal of guiding future investigations of shallow structure of the Groningen area. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.