Key result
Cardiac defense evoked by intense acoustic stimuli showed potentiated long latency acceleration during visual search tasks, particularly with unpleasant pictures.
The cardiac defense response has both attentional and motivational components, associated with increased sensory processing and preparation for active defense, respectively.
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Hypothesis-generating for affective modulation of autonomic defense; leaves open translation to clinical risk assessment.
The attentional and motivational significance of cardiac defense is examined in two studies. In Study 1, cardiac defense was evoked by an intense acoustic stimulus in the context of either a visual search or a memory search task using letters as stimuli. Results showed a potentiation of the long latency acceleration of cardiac defense in the visual search task. In Study 2, participants performed the same visual search task using pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures as stimuli. Results showed a further potentiation of the long latency acceleration of cardiac defense when the visual search task was performed with unpleasant, compared to pleasant or neutral pictures. These results indicate that cardiac defense has both attentional and motivational contributions, where the attentional significance is related to increased sensory processing, whereas the motivational significance is associated with preparation for active defense.
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Ramírez-Uclés et al. (2010) studied this question. Intense acoustic stimulus during visual search tasks vs. Memory search tasks or pleasant/neutral pictures was evaluated on Long latency acceleration of cardiac defense. Cardiac defense evoked by intense acoustic stimuli showed potentiated long latency acceleration during visual search tasks, particularly with unpleasant pictures.
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