Erik D. Lindquist, Thomas E. Hetherington, Field Studies on Visual and Acoustic Signaling in the "Earless" Panamanian Golden Frog, Atelopus zeteki, Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 30, No. 3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 347-354
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Lindquist et al. (1996) studied this question.
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