Key result
During dynamic leg exercise with inspiratory resistance, young females exhibited a smaller increase in mean arterial pressure (+18.9 vs +31.3 mmHg; P<0.05) compared to young males.
Why the study?
The authors hypothesized that young females have a smaller decrease in inactive limb blood flow and smaller increase in arterial blood pressure than young males during dynamic exercise with increased inspiratory muscle work.
Does increased inspiratory muscle work during dynamic leg exercise cause different blood pressure and inactive limb blood flow responses in young females compared to young males?
Does increased inspiratory muscle work during dynamic leg exercise cause different blood pressure and inactive limb blood flow responses in young females compared to young males?
Absolute Event Rate: 18.9% vs 31.3%
p-value: p=< 0.05
Young females exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle-induced metaboreflex compared to males, leading to a smaller increase in blood pressure and an increase in inactive limb blood flow during dynamic leg exercise with inspiratory resistance.
Hypothesis-generating for sex differences in hemodynamic responses to inspiratory loading during exercise; leaves open clinical relevance.
We hypothesized that, compared with young males, young females have a smaller decrease in blood flow to the inactive limb, accompanied by a smaller increase in arterial blood pressure, during dynamic exercise with increased inspiratory muscle work. Young males and females performed dynamic knee-extension and -flexion exercises for 10 min (spontaneous breathing for 5 min and voluntary hyperpnoea with or without inspiratory resistance for 5 min). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and mean blood flow (MBF) in the brachial artery were continuously measured by means of finger photoplethysmography and Doppler ultrasound, respectively. No sex differences were found in the ΔMAP and ΔMBF (Δ: from baseline) during exercise without inspiratory resistance. In contrast, the ΔMAP during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing was greater (P < 0.05) in males (+31.3 ± 2.1 mmHg, mean ± SE) than females (+18.9 ± 3.2 mmHg). The MBF during exercise with inspiratory resistance did not change in males (-4.4 ± 10.6 mL/min), whereas it significantly increased in females (+25.2 ± 15.4 mL/min). These results suggest that an attenuated inspiratory muscle-induced metaboreflex in young females affects blood flow distribution during submaximal dynamic leg exercise.
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Shiozawa et al. (2022) studied this question. Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Change in mean arterial blood pressure (ΔMAP) during exercise with inspiratory resistive breathing (p=< 0.05). During dynamic leg exercise with inspiratory resistance, young females exhibited a smaller increase in mean arterial pressure (+18.9 vs +31.3 mmHg; P<0.05) compared to young males.
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