Theory of the Negative Impedance Converter

This paper presents a relatively new approach to the solution of negative impedance problems related to vacuum tube circuits. The approach consists of reducing the vacuum tube circuit of a device for producing negative impedance to an electrically equivalent four-terminal network from which the stability and the operation of the device as an element in a system can be predicted accurately. The theory is of interest at this time because a negative impedance repeater, the E1, has recently been developed for use in the exchange plant. It has been found that such a repeater can be placed in series with a voice frequency telephone line to provide transmission gains which are ample for many purposes.