Key result
Higher levels of a mixture of six serum carotenoids were significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of hypertension (OR 0.83), with trans-β-carotene being the most significant contributor.
Why the study?
The effects of individual and combined serum carotenoids on blood pressure and hypertension had not been established.
Do higher serum carotenoid levels reduce the prevalence of hypertension and lower blood pressure in the general adult population?
Cross-Sectional (n=11,336)
Do higher serum carotenoid levels reduce the prevalence of hypertension and lower blood pressure in the general adult population?
Higher serum levels of mixed carotenoids, particularly β-carotene, are independently associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension in the general adult population.
Should not alter hypertension management; hypothesis-generating for carotenoid-BP links and requires prospective trials.
Carotenoid levels are inversely associated with blood pressure (BP). This study focused on the effects of individual and combined serum carotenoids on BP and hypertension, which have not been established to date. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2006 were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. Multivariate logistic, linear, and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses were applied to explore the associations of six serum carotenoids (α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, trans-lycopene, trans-β-carotene, and cis-β-carotene), individually and in combination, with BP/hypertension. The linearity of correlations was further assessed using restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression. A total of 11,336 adults were included for analysis. Data from multivariate models showed that all six carotenoids were independently and negatively associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; all p < 0.05). Compared to the first quartile, the fourth quartile of α-carotene (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64 [0.52–0.77]), β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.74 [0.60–0.90]), trans-β-carotene (OR = 0.50 [0.40–0.61]), and cis-β-carotene (OR = 0.47 [0.35–0.64]) were significantly and inversely related to hypertension (all p < 0.05). Moreover, WQS analysis revealed that the combination of all six serum carotenoids was negatively associated with BP and hypertension (all P<0.001), among which trans-β-carotene was the most significant contributor to the protective effect against hypertension (weight, 59.50%). Dose-response analyses demonstrated a linear inverse association of all carotenoids with hypertension ( p for non-linearity > 0.05). Our collective findings indicate that higher levels of all six mixed serum carotenoids are correlated with decreased prevalence of hypertension, among which β-carotene exerts the most significant effect, which may provide a basis and direction for further studies.
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Zhu et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Hypertension (n=11,336). Serum carotenoid levels vs. Lower serum carotenoid levels was evaluated on Prevalence of hypertension (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.89, p=<0.001). Higher levels of a mixture of six serum carotenoids were significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of hypertension (OR 0.83), with trans-β-carotene being the most significant contributor.
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