The Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Risk of Depression among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disease

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

The highest tertile of dietary total carotenoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of depression (OR 0.72) compared to the lowest tertile among patients with cardiometabolic diseases.

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Cardiometabolic disease (n=8655). Intervention: Dietary total carotenoid intake vs. Lowest tertile of dietary total carotenoid intake. Primary outcome: Risk of depression (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60, 0.85, p=<0.01).

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Higher dietary intake of total and individual carotenoids is associated with a reduced risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic disease, following a U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess the relationship between dietary carotenoid consumption and the risk of depression among individuals diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease.

Jie Liang; Yuhao Wang; Min Chen

doi:10.1536/ihj.22-453

March 14, 2023International Heart JournalOpen Access

The Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Risk of Depression among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disease

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Key result

Higher dietary carotenoid intake is linked to ~28% lower depression risk in cardiometabolic disease.

OR 0.72
95% CI 0.60, 0.85
P<0.01
n=8,655

Why the study?

The association of dietary carotenoid intake with risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic disease was not well established.

Does higher dietary carotenoid intake reduce the risk of depression in patients with cardiometabolic disease?

Key Points

To assess the relationship between dietary carotenoid consumption and the risk of depression among individuals diagnosed with cardiometabolic disease.
Cross-sectional study including 8,655 adults aged ≥20 years with cardiometabolic disease (diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke) from the 2005–2014 NHANES.
Dietary intake of individual carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin) and total carotenoids was categorized into tertiles, and non-linear patterns were evaluated using restricted cubic splines.
Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of total carotenoid intake was associated with lower depression risk (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85).
Significant inverse associations with depression were observed for the highest tertiles of α-carotene (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.87), β-carotene (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.81), β-cryptoxanthin (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.82), lycopene (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.91), and lutein + zeaxanthin (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82).
Restricted cubic spline models demonstrated a non-linear U-shaped association between total dietary carotenoids and depression risk, with risk rising after an optimal intake threshold.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=8,655)

Structured PICO

Does higher dietary carotenoid intake reduce the risk of depression in patients with cardiometabolic disease?

P

Population

8,655 US adults aged 20 years or older with chronic cardiometabolic diseases, assessed for dietary carotenoid intake and depression in a cross-sectional survey.

E

Exposure

Higher dietary carotenoid intake (third tertile of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, and total carotenoids)

C

Comparator

Lowest tertile of dietary carotenoid intake

O

Outcome

Risk of depressionpatient reported

Main Result

Odds Ratio: 0.72 (95% CI 0.6–0.85)

p-value: p=<0.01

Higher dietary carotenoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of depression in patients with cardiometabolic diseases, though the relationship may be U-shaped.

Limitations

Cross-sectional study design limits extrapolation of causality or temporal association
Dietary data based on self-reported 24-hour recall interviews could be susceptible to recall bias
Did not evaluate the independent association between serum carotenoid concentrations and the risk of depression
Cannot exclude residual confounding such as drug therapy

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Implication

Higher carotenoid intake was associated with lower depression risk; hypothesis-generating for prospective trials in cardiometabolic patients.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the association of dietary carotenoid intake with risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic disease.Data were obtained from the 2005 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants aged ≥ 20 years with any chronic cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke, were included in this cross-sectional study.We enrolled a total of 8655 cardiometabolic disease patients in the analysis. Compared to those in the lowest tertile, patients with cardiometabolic disease in the third tertiles of dietary α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin intakes demonstrated ORs for depression risk of 0.73 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.62, 0.87), 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.81), 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.82), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.91), and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.82), respectively. The third tertiles of dietary total carotenoid intake were also associated with reduced risk of depression (odds ratios (OR): 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) compared to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, restricted cubic splines showed that dietary total carotenoid intake had a U-shaped association with risk of depression, indicating a positive relation when the dietary total carotenoid intake was higher than the turning point.Overall, our study suggests the significant inverse associations of dietary α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein + zeaxanthin, and total carotenoid intakes with risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic diseases. In addition, we found a nonlinear U-shaped relationship between dietary total carotenoid intake and risk of depression among patients with cardiometabolic diseases.

Discussion

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Cite This Study

Liang et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiometabolic disease (n=8,655). Dietary total carotenoid intake vs. Lowest tertile of dietary total carotenoid intake was evaluated on Risk of depression (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60, 0.85, p=<0.01). The highest tertile of dietary total carotenoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of depression (OR 0.72) compared to the lowest tertile among patients with cardiometabolic diseases.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6ab38df52774e75389035093 https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.22-453

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The Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Risk of Depression among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disease

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

The Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Risk of Depression among Patients with Cardiometabolic Disease

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Main Result

Limitations

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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