Key result
Children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing had significantly higher arterial stiffness, evidenced by an increased augmentation index (p=0.003), compared to healthy controls.
Why the study?
The association between obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, is not well established in children.
Does obstructive sleep-disordered breathing increase arterial stiffness in children?
Cross-Sectional (n=72)
No
Does obstructive sleep-disordered breathing increase arterial stiffness in children?
p-value: p=0.003
Children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing exhibit increased arterial stiffness as measured by augmentation index, highlighting the potential for early subclinical cardiovascular changes.
oSDB may link to higher arterial stiffness in children; leaves open whether it predicts outcomes or warrants intervention.
Purpose The association between obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB) and arterial stiffness, an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes, is not well established in children. This study compared cardiovascular parameters between healthy and oSDB children and aimed to identify predictors of arterial stiffness indices in children with oSDB. Methods Cross-sectional study realized in a tertiary hospital from June 2018 to January 2020. 48 children (3 to 10 years old) with clinical diagnosis of oSDB and indication for adenotonsillectomy and 24 controls were evaluated. Cardiovascular parameters were measured non-invasively by brachial artery oscillometry with a portable device. The main arterial stiffness indices assessed were augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, both derived from the aortic pulse wave. In the oSDB group, the questionnaires Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 were applied. Results The oSDB group had higher values of reflection coefficient (p = 0.044) and augmentation index (p = 0.003) than the control group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that age, female sex, reflection coefficient and systolic volume were independent predictors of augmentation index. Higher pulse wave velocity values were associated with worse quality of life assessed by PedsQL questionnaire. There was no association with OSA-18. The vascular and hemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups. Conclusion Children with oSDB have increased augmentation index, an independent predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. The early identification of subclinical cardiovascular changes reinforces the importance of treating the disease, as well as changing lifestyle habits, to prevent complications in adulthood.
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Monteiro et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (n=72). Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Augmentation index normalized to heart rate of 75 beats per minute (AIx@75) (p=0.003). Children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing had significantly higher arterial stiffness, evidenced by an increased augmentation index (p=0.003), compared to healthy controls.
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