Bis(NHC)-Pd(II) complexes derived from 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diamine (BINAM) were successfully first used to catalyze the dioxygenation of alkenes under mild conditions tolerant of air and moisture. Cationic NHC-Pd 2+ diaquo complex 1e showed the highest catalytic activity to give 1,2-dioxygenation products with good syn -diastereoselectivity for 1,2-disubstituted alkenes.
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Wang et al. (2010) studied this question.
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