Discrete Salt Crystallization at the Surface of a Porous Medium

Efflorescence refers to crystallized salt structures that form at the surface of a porous medium. The challenge is to understand why these structures do not form everywhere at the surface of the porous medium but at some specific locations and why there exists an exclusion distance around an efflorescence where no new efflorescence forms. These are explained from a visualization experiment, pore-network simulations and a simple efflorescence growth model.