Key result
Eugenol lowers peak glucose ~60% in diabetic rats and inhibits key metabolic enzymes.
The present study investigated the effect of treating diabetic rats with eugenol (EG). In vitro enzyme activity was measured in the presence of eugenol, and it was found to inhibit pancreatic α-amylase (IC(50) = 62.53 µg/mL) and lipase (IC(50) = 72.34 µg/mL) as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity (IC50 = 130.67 µg/mL). In vivo, EG reduced the activity of amylase in serum, pancreas and intestine also the peak level of glucose by 60% compared to diabetic rats. Furthermore, eugenol similar to acarbose reduced serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipase and ACE levels. In addition, treatments with EG showed notable decrease in serum total-cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels with an increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Overall, EG significantly reverted back to near normal the values of the biochemical biomarkers such as transaminases (AST&ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities, total-bilirubin, creatinine, urea and uric acid rates.
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Mnafgui et al. (2013) studied Alloxan-induced diabetes and hypertension. Eugenol vs. Untreated diabetic rats and acarbose was evaluated on Inhibition of pancreatic alpha-amylase, lipase, and ACE activity, and reduction in peak glucose level (60% reduction in peak glucose). Eugenol inhibited alpha-amylase (IC50 62.53 µg/mL), lipase (IC50 72.34 µg/mL), and ACE (IC50 130.67 µg/mL) in vitro, and reduced peak glucose by 60% in diabetic rats.
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