Risk factor analysis of arrhythmia, aortic, and tricuspid regurgitation in children with ventricular septal defect following transcatheter closure

Background. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a prevalent congenital heart disease in children, occurring at a rate of 5.27 per 1000 live births. Transcatheter VSD closure is a potentially effective alternative to surgery, considering its less invasive nature, but may cause arrhythmia, aortic and tricuspid regurgitation as possible complications. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the risk factors for arrhythmia, aortic, and tricuspid regurgitation following transcatheter VSD closure. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dr. Soetomo Hospital from January 2017 to November 2024 in children with VSD following transcatheter closure. Bivariate analysis was done to determine the potential risk factors using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 22.0. Results. The study involved 45 participants, mainly with normal nutritional status. The most common types of VSD were perimembranous and moderate-sized. Most participants didn’t have a history of pulmonary hypertension or heart failure. Post-procedure complications were arrhythmia (17.8 %), tricuspid regurgitation (13.3 %), and aortic regurgitation (11.1 %). No significant factors were found to increase the risk of complications following the intervention. Conclusions. Arrhythmia is the most common complication after VSD transcatheter closure, not influenced by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as potential risk factors. Monitoring and follow-up care are crucial to identify any potential issues early, allowing for timely intervention.